CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

Abstract

This article explores the evolving relationship between climate change and environmental law, focusing on Uzbekistan's recent legislative developments in the context of international frameworks. Key instruments such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Paris Agreement, and Uzbekistan's Law on Limiting Greenhouse Gas Emissions (No. ZRU-1073, 2025) alongside the Law on Environmental Expertise, Environmental Impact Assessment, and Strategic Environmental Assessment (No. ZRU-1036, 2025) form the basis of analysis. Uzbekistan's updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0, 2025) commits to a 50% reduction in GHG emissions intensity per unit of GDP by 2035 from 2010 levels, reflecting alignment with global norms while addressing national vulnerabilities like water scarcity and desertification. A comparative examination with international standards and practices in other jurisdictions reveals strengths in policy ambition but highlights implementation challenges, including enforcement mechanisms and public participation. The discussion emphasizes the necessity of strengthened legal tools to ensure effective mitigation and adaptation in arid regions.