USEFUL ADDITIVES IN THE FRUIT OF THE PLANT MACULAR POMIFER

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Maclura pomifera (Rafin.) Schneider, commonly known as Osage orange, is widely cultivated and valued for its bioactive fruit components. The fruit is especially rich in prenylated isoflavonoids, including osajin and pomiferin, which contribute to significant biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging effects. This study evaluated the anti-aging potential of an 80% methanolic extract of Maclura pomifera fruit, focusing on antioxidant capacity and inhibition of extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes (hyaluronidase, collagenase, and elastase). The extract demonstrated high total phenolic (113.92 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) and flavonoid (66.41 mg quercetin equivalent/g) contents, aligning with its strong free radical scavenging ability through multiple in vitro assays. Chromatographic analysis identified osajin as the major bioactive isoflavonoid constituent (0.22% of the extract). Beyond isoflavonoids, the fruit contains essential amino acids, vitamins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, macro- and microelements (including potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron), and important gall acid derivatives such as ellagic acid. These compounds contribute to the fruit's extensive therapeutic potential ranging from skin cancer prevention, cardiovascular support, wound healing, to neuroprotection. Variability in bioactive compound content depends on geographic origin and extraction techniques. The fruit also exhibits antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties, further diversifying its utility. This comprehensive phytochemical and pharmacological profile highlights Maclura pomifera fruit as a promising source of natural additives for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and functional foods aimed at promoting human health and combating age-related deterioration