RAW MATERIAL SOURCES OF SOGDIAN SILVER CRAFTSMANSHIP: BASED ON FINDS FROM SAMARKAND AND PANJIKENT

محتوى المقالة الرئيسي

Husan Niyoz ugli Ziyayev

الملخص

The article analyzes the raw material sources of Sogdian silver craftsmanship on the basis of materials from Samarkand/Afrasiab and Panjikent. Silver vessels, coins, decorative systems, iconographic motifs, chasing and hammering techniques, as well as international trade relations are studied in connection with the issue of raw material supply. Particular attention is paid to silver-bearing regions such as Chach-Ilaq, Chatkal, Lashkerek, the Talas Valley, and possible Pamir–Hindu Kush routes. The study interprets Sogdian silverworking not merely as an artistic phenomenon, but as a complex economic and technological system connected with mining, monetary circulation, aristocratic consumption, and urban craftsmanship.

تفاصيل المقالة

القسم

Articles

المراجع

1. Asatullayeva S. Artistic Interactions between Sogdiana and China during the Medieval Period // European Journal of Arts. – 2026. – No. 1. – P. 93–96.

2. Hansen V. New Work on the Sogdians, the Most Important Traders on the Silk Road, A.D. 500–1000 // T’oung Pao. – 2003. – Vol. 89. – Issue 1. – P. 149–161. – DOI: 10.1163/156853203322691347.

3. Mantellini S. Urbanscape vs. Landscape, or Urbanscape as Landscape? A case from ancient Samarkand (Sogdiana). – Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2019. – P. 185–202. – DOI: 10.13173/9783447111690.185.

4. Melikian-Chirvani A. S. The White Bronzes of Early Islamic Iran // The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin. – 1974. – Vol. 9. – P. 123–150.

5. Merkel S. W., Oravisjärvi J., Kershaw J. Analysis of slag, ore, and silver from the Tashkent and Samarkand areas: medieval silver production and the coinage of Samanid Central Asia // Metalla. – 2013. – Sonderheft 6. – P. 62–67.

6. Merkel S., Kershaw J. Silver recycling in the Viking Age: Theoretical and analytical approaches // Archaeometry. – 2021. – Vol. 64. – Issue S1. – P. 116–133. – DOI: 10.1111/arcm.12709.

7. Pritzker D. T. Allegories of Kingship: A Preliminary Study of a Western Central Asian Gold Ewer in the Royal Court of Tibet. – [Place unknown], [year unknown]. – P. 105–124.

8. Sala R. The Medieval Urbanization of Northern Central Asia and the International Monetary System // Geologiya v XXI veke. Proceedings of the scientific conference “Satpaev readings”. – Almaty, 2011. – P. 425–430.

9. Tashkent Region [Electronic resource] / Chatkal Mountain Forest State Biosphere Reserve.

10. Ungalov, A. The last days of Sugd confederation: the reasons and factors of downturn [Text] / A. Ungalov // International Journal on Integrated Education. – 2020. – Vol. 3, No. 11. – P. 8–12. – DOI: 10.31149/ijie.v3i11.814.

11. Duschanova, N. (2025, December). The modern interpretation of literary literacy and its pedagogical foundations. In International Conference on Science & Technology (Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 218-222).

12. Sabirbayevna, D. N. (2026). Theoretical Analysis and Components of the Concept of Literary Literacy. Central Asian Journal of Theoretical and Applied Science, 7(1), 77-82.

13. Updated version of shorter article on medieval silver production and monetary system in Northern Central Asia [Electronic resource]. – 2011.

14. Marshak B. I. Sogdian Silver: Essays on Oriental Toreutics. – The information was cited through the article by Asatullayeva S.; the full bibliographic description requires separate verification.