MICROSTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS UNDER CHRONIC STRESS: A HISTOLOGICAL STUDY

Resumen

Chronic stress is a key factor affecting the structural and functional state of the central nervous system, particularly the hippocampus , a brain region responsible for memory and learning. Long-term exposure to stress factors leads to significant microstructural changes in neurons, including disruption of dendritic architecture, decreased neurogenesis , and activation of apoptotic processes. This study aimed to identify and histologically evaluate changes in hippocampal neurons during chronic stress. The obtained results allow us to deepen our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of stress-induced neurodegenerative processes. Chronic stress is one of the most significant adverse factors exerting a pronounced impact on the central nervous system and, in particular, on the hippocampus , a key brain structure involved in learning, memory, and emotional regulation. Long-term exposure to stress factors leads to activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system and increased secretion of glucocorticoids , which has a neurotoxic effect on hippocampal neurons .