COMPARATIVE HISTOLOGY OF PERIPHERAL NERVE REGENERATION AFTER INJURY

초록

Peripheral nerve regeneration after traumatic injury is a complex biological process involving sequential morphological and functional changes aimed at restoring the structure and conductivity of the nerve fiber. Unlike the central nervous system, peripheral nerves have a pronounced capacity for regeneration, which is due to the active role of Schwann cells, the preservation of the basement membrane, and a favorable microenvironment . After injury, characteristic histological changes develop in the peripheral nerve, including Wallerian degeneration of the distal segment, macrophage activation, phagocytosis of myelin and axonal debris, and Schwann cell proliferation. Subsequently, guide structures (the so-called " Büngner bands ") are formed, promoting the growth of regenerating axons. Comparative histological analysis of various types of injuries (transection, compression, stretching) allows us to identify the characteristics of regenerative processes, their intensity, and the completeness of recovery. This study assessed microstructural changes in peripheral nerves at various stages of regeneration using classical histological methods. The results indicate that the nature and extent of regeneration depend on the type of injury, the timeliness of nerve continuity restoration, and the condition of the surrounding tissues. These studies have important implications for the development of effective treatments for peripheral nervous system injuries.