NEW APPROACHES TO BLOOD RESSURE REGULATION: THE ROLE OF ION CHANNALS AND ENDOTHELIU

Öz

Arterial hypertension remains one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. Recent studies have focused on endothelial dysfunction and ion channels of the vascular wall as key mechanisms in the regulation of blood pressure. The endothelium controls the balance between vasodilation and vasoconstriction through the production of nitric oxide, prostacyclin, and endothelin-1. Impairment of these pathways results in reduced NO bioavailability and increased vasoconstrictor activity. At the same time, ion channels, including calcium (L- and T-type), potassium (KATP, KCa), sodium, and TRP channels, play a central role in vascular smooth muscle tone and vascular reactivity. This review summarizes the most recent findings (2020–2025) on the role of ion channels and the endothelium in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Particular attention is given to therapeutic perspectives targeting ion channel modulation and endothelial restoration. Combined strategies and personalized approaches are discussed as promising directions in the management of arterial hypertension.